Regulation
The use of enological wood for wine aging has been authorized in Europe since October 2006, in accordance with European Regulation 1507/2006. In 2009, its use was extended to the fermentation stage, following the replacement of this regulation by Regulation (EC) No. 606/2009.
As part of the new wine labeling rules, all enological products were classified as either “processing aids” or “additives.” This classification was integrated into the previous regulation, which has since been repealed and replaced by Regulation (EC) No. 934/2019.
Specific provisions
Each EU Member State retains the right to adopt more restrictive provisions for wines with a protected designation of origin (AOP – AOC) or wines with a protected geographical indication (formerly known as “vins de pays”). This is left to the discretion of the competent organisations. In France, this authority lies with the INAO.
It is also recommended to consult the relevant appellation unions to confirm the compatibility of the use of oak wood pieces with specific regulations.
At present, European regulations only cover oak wood.
REGULATION (EC) No. 934/2019
Regulation (EC) No. 934/2019 is a key text governing the use of wood in enology. It defines the authorized winemaking practices within the European Union, notably the following:
Purpose
Oak wood pieces may be used in the production and aging of wines, including during the fermentation of fresh grapes and grape must, in order to transfer certain compouds from the oak wood to the wine.
Origin
The wood must come exclusively from species of the Quercus genus.
Scope of application
They may be left in their natural state or go through” to light, medium, or strong toasting. However, they must not undergo combustion (even on the surface), be charred, or friable to the touch.
They must not go through to chemical, enzymatic, or physical treatments other than toasting.
They must not be supplemented with any product intended to enhance their natural aromatic potential or their extractable phenolic compounds.
Product labeling
The label must state the origin of the oak species used, the degree of any toasting applied, storage conditions, and safety instructions.
DImensions
The size of the wood particles must be such that at least 95% by weight are retained by a sieve with 2-millimeter openings (equivalent to 9 mesh).